The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in orthopaedic applications

Preclinical proof-of-concept, feasibility and efficacy studies in lower animals resulted in the accumulation of data that served as a backbone for clinical trials with the recombinant, osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Among the important observations was the dependence of dose and carrier on the outcome for osseous union in relation to the animal model used. Clinical outcome data for spinal applications indicate better overall results compared with traditional controls that utilised autogenous iliac crest bone graft for fusion. Parameters include less blood loss, less operating room time and costs, better fusion outcomes and increased patient satisfaction. At this juncture, the long journey from the identification of BMP-2 in demineralised bone fraction to FDA approval for use in a singular orthopaedic application has been completed. It has been demonstrated to be safe, efficacious and cost-effective, leading to increased patient satisfaction and improved clinical outcome.     

Influence of natural weathering on colour stability of materials used for facial prosthesis

Colour stability of resin and silicone is an important factor for longevity of facial prostheses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the colour stability of resins and silicone for facial prostheses. Three brands of acrylic resin and one of facial silicone were evaluated considering pigment incorporation for the colourless materials. Ten samples of each material were fabricated and submitted to measurements of chromatic alteration initially and after 90 and 180 days of weathering natural through visual analysis and spectrophotometry. Data were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Statistically significant colour alteration was observed among some materials regardless of the period. The materials did not present a statistical difference between 90 and 180 days except for the pigmented heat-polymerized resin. The colour difference between pigmented Silastic MDX4-4210 and colourless Silastic was statistically significant (p < 0.01) in both periods as well as between pigmented and colourless heat-polymerized resin, and between the resins Rapidaflex and Lentaflex. The visual method demonstrated colour alteration in all materials evaluated during the first 90 days of ageing. All materials exhibited colour alteration due to exposure to environment.     

Association between occlusal force distribution in implant overdenture prostheses and residual ridge resorption

This study aimed to investigate residual ridge resorption (RRR) of anterior and posterior maxillary and mandibular edentulous ridges, in patients treated with mandibular implant overdentures (IOD) and compare with conventional complete denture (CD) wearers, and to determine at each location, the association of RRR with the occlusal forces distribution and other patients’ variables. The anterior and posterior RRR of IOD (six males, 17 females) and CD (12 males, 11 females) groups were determined using baseline and follow‐up dental panaromic radiographs (DPT) (mean intervals 4 ± 1·8 years). The bone ratios were calculated using proportional area: anatomic to fixed reference areas and mean difference of ratios between the intervals determined RRR. The ridge locations included anterior and posterior maxillary and posterior mandibular arches. The T‐Scan III digital occlusal system was used to record anterior and posterior percentage occlusal force (%OF) distributions. There were significant differences in anterior and posterior %OF between treatment groups. Two‐way anova showed RRR was significant for arch locations (P = 0·005), treatment group (IOD versus CD) (P = 0·001), however, no significant interaction (P = 0·799). Multivariate regression analyses showed significant association between RRR and %OF at anterior maxilla (P = 0·000) and posterior mandible (P = 0·023) and for treatment groups at posterior maxilla (P = 0·033) and mandibular areas (P = 0·021). Resorption was observed in IOD compared to CD groups, with 8·5% chance of less resorption in former and 7·8% in the latter location. Depending on arch location, ridge resorption at various locations was associated with occlusal force distribution and/or treatment groups (implant prostheses or conventional complete dentures).     

异体半髁关节移植治疗膝关节周围骨巨细胞瘤的临床疗效#br#

摘要：目的　探讨瘤段切除联合同种异体骨移植治疗膝关节骨巨细胞瘤（GCTB）的疗效。方法　选取我院2010年6月—2017年2月收治的22例膝关节GCTB患者。所有患者均采用瘤段切除联合同种异体骨移植治疗。术后应用美国骨与软组织肿瘤协会（MSTS）评分评估患者下肢功能，Kellgren-Lawrence分级评估膝骨关节炎程度，Mankin分级法评价术后优良率。同时对患者进行随访，统计术后并发症及复发情况。结果　22例中男10例，女12例；平均年龄（33.91±7.12）岁；GCTB部位：股骨下端8例，胫骨上端14例；Campanicci等级：Ⅱ级14例，Ⅲ级8例。术后患者MSTS评分较术前明显提高（23.73±2.16 vs. 12.82±3.22，t=10.818，P＜0.05）；Mankin分级优良率90.9%；Kellgren-Lawrence分级KL0级10例，KL1级10例，KL2级2例。患者均获得随访，随访时间25～34个月，平均（30.0±2.6）个月，随访期间出现术后关节退行性变加重11例，关节积液2例，异体排斥2例，无一例复发。结论　瘤段切除联合同种异体骨移植治疗膝关节GCTB患者效果较好，术后膝关节功能可恢复到满意状态。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化合并局灶节段性肾小球硬化一例并文献复习

病例资料患者,女,50岁。2018年2月15日患者无明显诱因出现双下肢及颜面水肿,至当地镇医院就诊,多次查尿蛋白均为(2+),遂于2018年2月28日至启东市人民医院就诊,查血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)48μmol/L,白蛋白(albumin,Alb)25 g/L,碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)1073 U/L,谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-glutamyl transpeptadase,γ-GT)1304 U/L,丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)144 U/L,冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)200 U/L,总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)17.09 mmol/L,乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)13.33 U/L;乙肝两对半及丙肝标志物阴性;自身免疫指标:抗核抗体(+),抗线粒体抗体(antimitochondrial antibody,AMA)(+)。     

Ocular Alterations in a Rare Case of Segmental Neurofibromatosis Type 1 with a Non-Classified Mutational Variant of the NF-1 Gene

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is an autsomal dominant disorder which can occasionally result from somatic mosaicism and manifest as segmental forms of the disease.

Methods: A 37-year-old woman with ascertained NF-1, based on clinical diagnostic criteria and genetic analysis, was referred for ophthalmological evaluation. Genetic analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), complete ophthalmological examination, and near infrared reflectance (NIR) images at 815?nm of the retina were obtained.

Results: Genetic analysis revealed a non-classified mutational variant of the NF-1 gene identified as NM_000267.3:c2084T?>?C (p.Leu695Pro.T). MRI demonstrated non-symptomatic bilateral optic nerve gliomas. The only cutaneous sign was a subcutaneous neurofibroma of the posterior cervical region. Slit-lamp examination showed bilateral Lisch nodules. NIR images of the retina did not show any choroidal hamartomas.

Discussion: We report a rare case of segmental neurofibromatosis with a non-classified mutational variant of the NF-1 gene described in only one previous case in the literature. The patient presented with clinical features of NF-1 localized to the head and neck region, compatible with diagnosis of segmental NF-1. Interestingly, ocular manifestations included bilateral optic nerve gliomas and Lisch nodules, but no choroidal hamartomas.     

High dose rate brachytherapy with customized applicators for malignant facial skin lesions

PurposeBrachytherapy is a well-known treatment in the management of skin tumors. For facial or scalp lesions, applicators have been developed to deliver non-invasive treatment. We present cases treated with customized applicators with high dose rate system.Material and methodsPatients with poor performance status treated for malignant skin lesions of the scalp or the facial skin between 2011 and 2014 were studied. Afterloading devices were chosen between Freiburg^® Flap, silicone-mold or wax applicators. The clinical target volume (CTV) was created by adding margins to lesions (10 mm to 20 mm). The dose schedules were 25 Gy in five fractions for postoperative lesions, 30 Gy in six fractions for exclusive treatments and a single session of 8 Gy could be considered for palliative treatments.ResultsIn 30 months, 11 patients received a treatment for a total of 12 lesions. The median age was 80 years. The median follow-up was 17 months and the 2-year local control rate was 91%. The mean CTV surface was 41.1 cm² with a mean thickness of 6.1 mm. We conceived three wax applicators, used our silicone-mold eight times and the Freiburg^® Flap one time. We observed only low-grade radiodermitis (grade I: 50%, grade II: 33%), and no high-grade skin toxicity.ConclusionHigh dose rate brachytherapy with customized applicators for facial skin and scalp lesions is efficient and safe. It is a good modality to treat complex lesions in patients unfit for invasive treatment.